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Biochemistry ΙI (51249)

Aim

To familiarize the students with the cell structure and function at a molecular level, the hormonal regulation and the principles underlying the integration of metabolism.

Learning outcomes

  • To present the regulation of metabolic pathways.
  • To describe the biosynthesis of hormones, their mechanism of secretion and their homeostasis.
  • To analyze the hormone cascade, the self-regulation of hormonal secretion and the circadian rhythm.
  • To highlight the role and biochemical significance of hormones at the cellular level as well as their importance in the functioning of the organism.
  • To analyze the basic molecular mechanisms of hormonal action at the cellular level. To compare and contrast cell membrane and intracellular hormone receptors and signaling.
  • To present the basic principles of hormone determination in blood and other biological fluids/matrices.
  • Το highlight the most important tissues/organs of the organism involved in metabolism and their significance (e.g. the pivotal role of the liver).
  • To underscore their mechanisms of function in relation to disease.
  • To describe the interrelationship of tissues and the regulatory mechanisms in metabolism.
  • To analyze cell-tissue response mechanisms to extracellular signals on health and disease.

Content

Principles of cell signaling. Hormones and the hormone cascade system. Hypothalamic, pituitary and pineal hormones. Adrenal gland hormones. Steroid hormones (biosynthesis-metabolism-receptors and cell signaling). Thyroid gland hormones. Obesity and the regulation of body mass. Calcium metabolism and homeostasis. Calciotropic hormones. Bone turnover. Cartilage: molecular mechanisms of growth, formation and regeneration. Periodontal ligament and alveolar bone: Molecular mechanisms of dynamic regeneration. Hormonal regulation and integration of mammalian metabolism

Educational methods

  • Lectures.

Criteria for successful completion

  • Successful final examinations.